What are the advantages and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous motors, and what are the applications?
1, synchronous motor
Advantages: The power factor of the synchronous motor can be adjusted. When speed regulation is not required, applying a large synchronous motor can improve the operating efficiency.
Disadvantages: The cost is higher compared to asynchronous motors.
There are three main applications, namely generators, motors, and compensators. Running as a generator is the most important mode of operation for synchronous motors. Small synchronous motors are beginning to find more applications in variable frequency speed control systems. The synchronous motor can also be connected to the grid as a synchronous compensator. At this time, the motor does not carry any mechanical load. The rotor's excitation current is adjusted to send the required inductive or capacitive reactive power to the grid to improve the power factor of the grid or adjust the voltage of the grid.
2, asynchronous motor
Advantage: Asynchronous motor is an AC motor, and the ratio of the speed of the load to the frequency of the connected grid is not constant. Therefore, it has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, use and maintenance, reliable operation, low quality, and low cost. Asynchronous motors have higher operating efficiency and better working characteristics. They are close to constant speed operation from no-load to the full-load range, which can meet the transmission requirements of most industrial and agricultural production machinery.
Disadvantages: Due to the certain difference in the rotational speed of the asynchronous motor and its rotating magnetic field, its speed regulation performance is poor (except for the AC commutator motor). It is economical and convenient to use DC motors for transportation machinery, rolling mills, large-scale machine tools, printing and dyeing, and papermaking machinery that require a wide and smooth speed range.
Application: Like a motor, its power range is from a few watts to tens of thousands of kilowatts. It is the most widely used motor in the daily life of all sectors of the national economy and people, providing power for various mechanical and household appliances. For example, machine tools, small and medium-sized rolling mills, fans, water pumps, light industrial machinery, metallurgy and mining machinery, etc., mostly use a three-phase asynchronous motor (Asynchronous Motor) to drive; electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, and other household appliances Single-phase asynchronous motors are widely used. Asynchronous motors can also be used as generators for wind power plants and small hydropower plants.
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